Kim Kyoman, Suffering, 1959, Mixed media, 8x27x27.6cm. MMCA collection
Kim Kyoman
* Source: MMCA
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Korea Society of Visual Design
The Korea Society of Visual Design (Hanguk sigak dijain hyeophoe, KSVD) was a private association in the field of visual design that lasted from 1972 through 1993. The KSVD aimed to improve the quality of designers and contribute to the industrial development of the nation by performing activities for the enhancement of the Korean design industry. In addition, it tried to break away from the existing concepts of “design” and “applied art” and to specialize the visual design field with a modern design concept. Its eleven founding members were Kim Kyoman, Jo Yeongje, Yang Seungchun, Lee Taeyeong, Kim Youngki, Hong Jongil, An Jeongeon, Jeong Sihwa, Kwon Myungkwang, Ryu Jaeu, and Kwon Munung. The organization was founded in September 1972 as the Korea Society of Graphic Design (KSGD) but was renamed the Korea Society of Visual Design in 1977. After Kim Kyoman briefly served as the first president, Jo Yeongje became the second president in December 1972. Jo was followed by Yang Seungchun, Kwon Myeonggwang, Lee Taeyeong, Jeong Sihwa, and others. In 1983, due to conflicts over the management of the society, several members from Hongik University, including Kwon Myeonggwang, withdrew from the society. They formed the Korean Graphic Designers Association (KOGDA) in 1984. The KSVD’s activities centered on member exhibitions, and it held a total of seventeen exhibitions before it was disbanded. Other activities include the publication of collections of works, the holding of seminars and symposiums, and exchanges with overseas designers and design organizations. In February 1993, the general assembly voted to dissolve the KSVD and disbanded it “in order to welcome new generations by meeting domestic social and cultural changes and to positively and actively respond to international changes.”
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College of Arts at Seoul National University
The College of Fine Arts of Seoul National University is located in Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul. According to the Decree on the Establishment of Seoul National University, the College of Art including the Department of Fine Arts and the Department of Music was founded in August 1946 at Seoul National University. The Department of Fine Arts consisted of sub-departments of Painting I, Painting II, Sculpture, and Design. It was organized by Chang Louis Pal and Lee Soonsuk. Chang Louis Pal had served as head of the Education and Management Bureau in the U.S. Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) in Korea since December 1945. Lee Soonsuk assumed practical tasks as an advisor to the art section of the USAMGIK from 1946 when the Education and Management Bureau was changed to the Ministry of Culture and Education. In 1946, there were nine faculty members at the Department of Fine Arts in the College of Art: Chang Louis Pal, Kim Yongjun, Gil Jinseop, and Lee Jaehun as professors; Yun Seung-uk and Lee Soonsuk as associate professors; and Kim Whanki, Chang Woosoung, and Lee Byeonghyeon as assistant professors. However, after the incident of Korean students and professors’ protest against the U.S.’s attempt to merge several colleges and universities into a single university, Kim Yongjun, Gil Jinseop, and Kim Whanki resigned. In 1954, the College of Art was reorganized into the College of Fine Arts with three departments of painting, sculpture, and applied art. The Department of Aesthetics, which had temporarily belonged to the College of Fine Arts since 1948, was transferred to the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences in 1960. In 1963, according to the relocation plan of the Seoul National University main school building, the College of Fine Arts was moved to the former veterinary department building in Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu. In 1972, it was moved to the liberal arts department building in Hagye-dong, Seongbuk-gu, and then in 1976, to the current Gwanak campus. In 1981, the three departments of painting, sculpture, and applied art were reorganized into the five departments of Eastern painting, Western painting, sculpture, crafts, and industrial art. In 1989, the Department of Industrial Art was renamed the Department of Industrial Design, and in 1999, the Department of Crafts and the Department of Industrial Design were merged into the School of Design. Currently, the College of Fine Arts consists of the Department of Oriental Painting, Department of Painting, Department of Sculpture, Department of Craft, Department of Design, and Interdisciplinary Programs.
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Cho Youngjae
Cho Youngjae (1935-2019) was a designer and educator who was a pioneer in all areas of graphic design, including corporate identity (CI) design. After graduating from the Applied Arts Department at Seoul National University in 1958, Cho worked at Hwasin Industry and Chohung Bank. He began teaching at his alma mater in 1963, and in 1964 he became a professor in the Living Art Department at Duksung Women’s University. In the following year, he worked again in the Applied Arts Department at Seoul National University. Cho took part in preparing the first Korea Commerce and Industry Art Exhibition (present-day Korea International Design Award) held in 1966. In September 1972, he founded the Korea Society of Graphic Design (KSGD) along with ten other artists including Kim Kyoman and Yang Seungchun and served as its chairman four times (2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th). This society was renamed the Korea Society of Visual Design (KSVD) in 1977 and was active until 1993. He also served as the first chairman of the Visual Information Design Association of Korea (VIDAK) established in 1994 and of the Korean Federation of Design Corporations (currently Korean Federation of Design Associations, KFDA) founded in 1995. In 1972, along with fellow professors Min Chulhong and Yang Seungchun, Cho expanded the product label design for OB beer into a corporate identity design project. Later, he developed corporate identities for the Cheil Jedang Corporation (1974), Cheil Industries Inc. (1975), and Shinsegae Department Store (1975) and served as a design advisor for Yonhap Communications, Cheil Worldwide, and Daewoo Electronics. In 1974, he established Cho Design and Research (CDR; currently, CDR Associates), a company specializing in identity design. Kim Seongcheon has been running the company as CEO since 1995. In 1976, Cho held the solo exhibition Design by Cho Youngjae: DECOMAS, through which he introduced the term “Design Coordination as a Management Strategy” (DECOMAS) imported from Japan. In June 1982, he became the chairperson of the design department of the Seoul Olympic Organizing Committee and designed the official Olympic poster and other sports posters.
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Lee Soonsuk
Lee Soonsuk (1905-1986, pen name Hara) was a pioneer of Korean craft design. He attended the design and craft department at the Tokyo School of Fine Arts in 1926 and graduated in 1931. He hosted the first solo design exhibition in Korea. He served on the council at the cultural division under the U.S Military Government in 1946 and taught applied arts at the fine arts college of Seoul National University. He also contributed to Korean craft design at the National Art Exhibition (Gukjeon). In 1971, he served as an executive advisor at the Korea Design and Packaging Center (KDPC) and was elected as a member of the National Academy of Arts, Republic of Korea. Lee Soonsuk’s graduation period work was influenced by the flat surface planes of art nouveau and Bauhaus style. He later attempted to maintain and reinterpret traditional Korean craft techniques through his stone craftwork that dealt with a folk painting motif or natural objects.
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Han Hongtaik
Han Hongtaik (1916-1994) was a pioneer of graphic design during the field's emergence Korea. In 1937, he graduated from the Tokyo Institute of Design in Japan, and he studied Western art at the Teikoku Art School in 1939. In 1940, he joined the Yuhan Company, where he drew designs for various pharmaceutical products. After independence, he founded the Association of Korean Industrial Artists [Joseon saneop misulga hyeophoe] (renamed to the Korean Industrial Art Association in 1948) in 1946, and in 1956 he established the Han Hongtaik Design Institute, becoming a leading figure in the industrial art scene. He was professor of the crafts department of Hongik University and the applied arts department of Duksung Women's University (1975-1981). He primarily produced posters and graphic art designs using modern compositions depicting images of people, and he was active as both a professional graphic designer and educator.
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Korea Design and Packaging Center
The Korea Design and Packaging Center (KDPC) is a design promotion institution established in May 1970 by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Since its establishment, it has changed its name several times and continues to exist in its current form as the Korea Institute of Design Promotion. In April 1970, under the direction of the Minister Lee Naksun, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry quickly merged three organizations related to packaging and design, which were the Korea Packaging Technology Association, the Korea Export Design Center, and the Korea Export Goods Packaging Center within a month and formed the Korea Design and Packaging Center (KDPC). At the time of its foundation, the KDPC was located at 128, Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, where the Korea Export Design Center was located. Its purpose was to “contribute to the increase of exports and national economic development by improving design and packaging technology, supplying outstanding export packaging materials at low prices, and conducting projects for research and development.” The Minister Lee Laksun served as its first chairman. Since November of the year of its establishment, the KDPC has published the bulletin Dijain Pojang (Design and Packaging). In 1971, it began to organize the Korea Commerce and Industry Art Exhibition (present-day Korea International Design Award), which was previously hosted by the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry. In 1972, it joined the International Council of Graphic Design Association (ICOGRADA). In addition, the KDPC engaged in various activities, such as research and development of design and packaging technology, establishment of design-related systems, exchanges with international organizations, the holding of exhibitions, and the publication of books and periodicals. For example, it implemented the system of selecting excellent design products in 1985 and produced official posters for the Asian Games in the same year. In 1991, it was renamed the Korea Institute of Industrial Design and Packaging Development and then the Korea Institute of Industrial Design Promotion in 1997. After being renamed the Korea Institute of Design Promotion in 2001, it was relocated to the Korea Design Center in Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do Province.
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