Seoul Museum
An art museum established in 1981 in Gugi-dong. The director of the Museum, Lim Setaek, was a member of the Reality Group alongside Oh Yoon and Oh Kyunghwan. Lim studied in Paris in the 1970s, where he engaged in exchange with intellectuals and figures in the art community. As befitting his personal history, the Seoul Museum not only contributed to the rise and continuation of Minjung Art, it also introduced the latest trends of French contemporary art to Korean society. The museum hosted solo exhibitions of the work of Shin Hakchul, Min Joungki, and Lim Oksang in the early 1980s. In 1982, the museum held Nouvelles Figurations en France, which featured prominent French contemporary artists such as Balthus and Roberto Matta. The museum also held the European Art of Today exhibition, which featured Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray. From 1982 to 1989, the museum held the annual Artists in Focus exhibition. The museum closed in 2001.
Meta-Vox
A portmanteau of meta, which means change or overcoming hardship, and vox, which means sound or aural expression (voice). Meta-Vox was formed in 1985 by Kim Chan-dong, Ahn Won-chan, Oh Sang-Ghil, Ha Minsu, and Hong Seungil, who were alumni of the Hongik University Department of Fine Arts. The goal of the group was to extend a deconstructive, creative path beyond modernism and minjung art, and its artists primarily worked in installation to overcome the restrictive limitations of painting. Based on their individual subjective practices, the group members sought to emphasize the expressive characteristics of the materials they worked with. However, to practitioners of minjung art, the group’s work was pejoratively considered as an extension of modernism. While the Meta-Vox demonstrated its tight organizational structure through numerous critically visible exhibitions, the group disbanded in 1989 in response to the limited positive response their work received. Meta-Vox held numerous exhibitions, including its inaugural exhibition in 1985 and EXODUS in 1986 at the Hu Gallery. The group was also featured in the Artists in Focus 1987 exhibition at the Seoul Museum.
Minjung Art
An artistic movement that came to prominence alongside Korea’s democratization movement in the 1980s. Minjung artists often sought to critically portray the violent repression and corruption of the military dictatorship, to represent the experiences of laborers and farmers, and to achieve social change through art. In contrast to abstraction, which constituted the mainstream of 1970s art in Korea, Minjung Art is notable for the use of representational and figurative forms. One possible point of origin for Minjung Art is Oh Yoon’s work in the Reality Group (Hyeonsil dongin). The group was formed in 1969 by Kim Ji-ha, Oh Yoon, and Lim Se-taek. A variety of Minjung art groups were established, including the Reality and Utterance (Hyunsilgwa bareon) in 1979 by Kim Jungheun, Oh Yoon, Joo Jae-hwan, art critic Sung Wan-kyung, and Choi Min, the Gwangju Freedom Artist Association (Gwangju jayu misulin hyeopuihoe) in 1979 by Hong Sungdam and Choi Youl, the Imsulnyeon (The Year Imsul) in 1982, and the Dureong in 1983. These groups all commonly critiqued Western capitalism. In terms of form, Minjung artists adopted traditional and ethnic folk modes of expression using diverse media such as collage, printmaking, oil painting, and photography. Following the 15 Years of Korean Minjoong Arts: 1980-1994 Exhibition at the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Minjung Art became an accepted part of Korean art history. Overseas, Minjung Art has also become a recognized term that describes this genre and its unique focus on the political and social history of Korea.