First Grand Art Exhibition of Korea, Brochure, MMCA Art Research Center Collection
Grand Art Exhibition of Korea
* Source: Multilingual Glossary of Korean Art. Korea Arts Management Service
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hangukhwa
A type of painting created during the 20th century that uses traditional Korean materials, techniques, and styles. The term emerged from the criticism that traditional-style paintings were called Eastern paintings in Korea, in contrast to China, where they were called national-style paintings, and Japan, where they were called Japanese-style paintings. The term hangukhwa (Korean Painting) entered official use following the overhaul of the educational curriculum in December 1981, and the appearance of the term Korean painting, with the subcategories ink wash painting [sumukhwa] and ink and light-colored painting [damchaehwa] were listed in art textbooks from 1983. The Grand Art Exhibition of Korea also began using the term hangukhwa (Korean Painting), as opposed to Eastern painting, in 1982. Prior to this, Hankukhwahui (Korean Painter’s Association) was used as a collective term for such Korean painters in 1964 and Kim Youngki (pen name Chunggang) argued to use the term Korean painting to define national identity in his essay “On hangukhwa (Korean Painting) and Criticism.” Criticism that Korean paintings, unlike the national paintings of China and Japan, do not have a narrative theme, and that the use of such a term was contrary to contemporary artistic trends, resulted in the term “hangukhwa (Korean Painting)” failing to achieve mainstream use. Hangukhwa (Korean Painting) is currently used interchangeably with the term Eastern painting.
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Arts Council Korea (ARKO)
Arts Council Korea (ARKO) is a cultural and artistic policy review organization established under the Prime Minister's Office based on the 1973 Culture and Arts Promotion Act. It was abolished in 2000 following revision of the law. In the beginning, the Arts Council Korea was established to contribute to the development of national culture by continuing traditional cultural arts and creating new creative expressions by supporting projects and activities for the promotion of culture and arts. The council played a role in planning basic policies and plans for the promotion of culture and arts, deliberation on matters concerning the creation and operation of the Culture and Arts Promotion Fund, and deliberation on other important matters concerning the promotion of culture and arts. The council consisted of less than 17 members, including one chairperson (the Prime Minister) and one vice-chairperson (the Minister of Culture and Public Information) (1979. 3. 28. Revised). In addition, expert members could be appointed to collect, survey, research, and attend meetings of the council on the promotion of culture and arts. Also, local culture and arts promotion committees could be established in each city and province (1983. 4. 25. New).
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National Art Exhibition
A government-hosted exhibition held 30 times from 1949 to 1981, also known by the shorter name Gukjeon. Following national independence, the exhibition was the primary means for young and emergent Korean artists to achieve recognition. The influence of the exhibition declined as a result of the emergence of non-figurative art during the 1970s, the increased opportunities for artists to participate in overseas exhibitions, and the rise of private exhibitions and galleries.
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